An amanda howto
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| Table of contents |
Intro and Assumptions
This document contains errors, omissions, and probably other bad things. It also contains my opnions about how AMANDA should run. If you find something blatently wrong or wish to contribute something useful to this document please edit this document.
I decided to write this document because I had a difficult time getting this useful, free program to work for me. I imagine that there are many ways in which to configure amanda to dump a system. My examples assume that you have one AMANDA server, this server will be used dump clients (including itself). This configuration does not account for data security (i.e. following this guide, your data will be transmitted in plain text over your network). This guide assumes that you are familiar with the basics of compiling/installing software under UNIX. You'll also need to be familiar with the disks and partitions that exist on the other systems on your network that you wish to dump.
Installing
Get the source, I'm not sure that a packaged version will do the trick (but you ought to try if your OS has one if so skip the Installing step). I ended up using AMANDA 2.4.3. The amanda I'm building here will reside in /amanda when installed. It assumes that your config is called 'myconfig' because of the '--with-config=myconfig' option, you can call it what ever you like this becomes the default config.
Untar/unzip the source, here is my configure command:
./configure --with-user=root --with-group=bin --with-dont-force-uid --with-config=myconfig \ --with-amandahosts --with-configdir=/amanda/conf --with-gnutar-listdir=/amanda/gtarlist \ --with-server --prefix=/amanda make make install
- If you run into compile problems here and you're not capable of solving them yourself I would suggest you take advantage of the amanda-users mailing list archives. If you don't find the answer there consider joining the one of the mailing lists at http://www.amanda.org
Server Installation
AMANDA keeps a pretty sane set of config files for each dumpset you want to use. You'll want to make a config directory under /amanda/conf that is the name of the dumpset you would like to use. I mentioned that I would use 'myconfig' for my dumpset name so I'll mkdir /amanda/conf/myconfig. Inside this directory you'll want to add the following files: amanda.conf disklist exclude.gtar. Here is a copy of my amanda.conf.
reserve 50 # IMPORTANT if your tape drive fails
org "My Organization" # your organization name for reports
mailto "noc@somenoc.com" # space separated list of operators at your site
dumpuser "root" # the user to run dumps under
inparallel 4 # maximum dumpers that will run in parallel
netusage 600 # maximum net bandwidth for Amanda, in KB per sec
dumpcycle 4 weeks # the number of days in the normal dump cycle
tapecycle 8 tapes # the number of tapes in rotation
bumpsize 1000 MB # minimum savings (threshold) to bump level 1 -> 2
bumpdays 1 # minimum days at each level
bumpmult 4 # threshold = bumpsize * (level-1)**bumpmult
runtapes 1
tapedev "/dev/nrsa0" # Linux @ tuck
tapetype ADR60-120 # what kind of tape it is (see tapetypes below)
labelstr "^MYCONFIG[0-9][0-9]*$" # label constraint regex: all tapes must match
diskdir "/holding" # where the holding disk is
disksize -50 MB # how much space can we use on it
infofile "/amanda/conf/myconfig/curinfo" # database filename
logfile "/amanda/conf/myconfig/log" # log filename
indexdir "/amanda/conf/myconfig/index"
define tapetype ADR60-120 {
comment "Onstream 60/120"
length 60000 mbytes
}
define dumptype myconfig {
program "GNUTAR"
comment "partitions dumped with tar"
options no-compress, index, exclude-list "/amanda/conf/myconfig/exclude.gtar"
priority medium
}
I'll highlight the important things to tweak from my config to make it work on your system. First, I would recommend that you have a large holding disk mounted and available. It's really useful if your tapedrive fails etc. It can in most cases speed up the actual dumping process as it writes the data to the local disk before spooling it to tape. I've told AMANDA that the dumpcycle is to keep data for 4 weeks on 8 tapes. My tape device under FreeBSD is /dev/nrsa0. The 'tapetype' must match one you have defined in the config in my case the ADR60-120 is what I called it. Specifying disksize -50MB means use all but 50 megs on this disk. You can put your AMANDA database,logs,index anywhere you want I like having everything in one spot so I put them in my 'myconfig' directory under /amanda/conf.
The final and very important parts of this config are definitions for your particular tape drive. I don't have much experiece here, I basically named a tapedrive ADR60-120 and told amanda that the tape length is 60000 megabytes (60GB). The length is the important part, I believe this is how amanda knows if it has enough tape to roll your data out onto. You'll also need a dumptype definition. You can exclude files and directories you don't want to dump in the exclude.gtar file, use man tar to see what the exclusion syntax is.
Configuring the Client
- Add to inetd.conf:
- amanda dgram udp wait root /amanda/libexec/amandad amandad
- Create ~root/.amandahosts with the hostname of the server machine in it.
- mkdir /amanda/gtarlist
- touch /etc/amandates
- mkdir /var/amanda
- touch /var/amanda/skiplist
Configuring the Server
On the amanda server:
- Add the disks to /amanda/conf/myconfig/disklist
- For example to add / and /usr which are separatly mounted partitions to our config.
<host_to_dump> / myconfig <host_to_dump> /usr myconfig # Where <host_to_dump> is the client you want the data dumped from.
- Run "amcheck -c myconfig" to do a host check
Common problems
- Packet filters preventing access. In general, the amanda server needs full unrestricted access to the machine it's going to dump. This could be tightened up by configuring amanda to use a restricted range of ports for data transfers.
- Make sure the pathname in inetd.conf matches the installation directory for the amanda executable.
- Note that the location of the skiplist is specified in the *server's* config file. We have it listed as /var/amanda/skiplist, so that file needs to exist on the *client* in order to exclude some directories. On some clients this requires a symlink.
- Check /etc/services to be sure that the amanda services are defined. Otherwise inetd will (silently?) ignore them.
Conclusion
Ok so we've got AMANDA installed and configured. There's some things that I've learned about amanda that I just wish someone would have told me. You might expect that AMANDA runs on some rigid schedule and tapes have specific data on them but that is not the case. It requests tapes as it needs them, this is the nice part, once the tape cycle has started all you have to do is put in a different tape each day based on what AMANDA tells you.
You'll probably want to make a shell script for each dumpset somthing like:
- !/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
amdump myconfig && amverify myconfig > /dev/null 2>&1
Then from a cronjob run this bash script when it's time to dump. I do mine during the night to reduce contention for the disks. If all goes well you should shortly (well could be a while if you have a lot of data) get a copy of the daily report from amanda. Enjoy.
